Secrets Store CSI Driver and Reloader

Sometimes it is necessary to store the secrets in the HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault or others and use them in Kubernetes.

In this post I would like to look at the way how to store secrets in AWS Secrets Manager retrieve them using Kubernetes Secrets Store CSI Driver with AWS Secrets and Configuration Provider (ASCP) and use them as Kubernetes Secret and also mount them directly into the pod as files.

When the Secret is rotated and defined as environment variable in the Pod specification (using secretKeyRef) it is necessary to refresh/restart the pod using tools like Reloader.

secrets-store-csi-driver architecture

Links:

Requirements

Amazon EKS cluster (described in Cheapest Amazon EKS)
Helm

Variables which are being used in the next steps:

  
export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
export CLUSTER_FQDN="${CLUSTER_FQDN:-k01.k8s.mylabs.dev}"
export CLUSTER_NAME="${CLUSTER_FQDN%%.*}"
export TMP_DIR="${TMP_DIR:-${PWD}}"
export KUBECONFIG="${KUBECONFIG:-${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/kubeconfig-${CLUSTER_NAME}.conf}"

mkdir -pv "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}"

Create secret in AWS Secrets Manager

Use CloudFormation to create Policy and Secrets in AWS Secrets Manager:

  
cat > "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/aws-secretmanager-secret.yml" << \EOF
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: Secret Manager and policy
Parameters:
  ClusterFQDN:
    Description: "Cluster FQDN. (domain for all applications) Ex: kube1.k8s.mylabs.dev"
    Type: String

Resources:
  SecretsManagerKuardSecretPolicy:
    Type: AWS::IAM::ManagedPolicy
    Properties:
      ManagedPolicyName: !Sub "${ClusterFQDN}-SecretsManagerKuardSecret"
      Description: !Sub "Policy required by SecretsManager to access to Secrets Manager ${ClusterFQDN}-KuardSecret"
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: "2012-10-17"
        Statement:
          - Sid: SecretActions
            Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue"
              - "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret"
            Resource: !Ref SecretsManagerKuardSecret
  SecretsManagerKuardSecret:
    Type: AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
    Properties:
      Name: !Sub "${ClusterFQDN}-KuardSecret"
      Description: My Secret
      GenerateSecretString:
        SecretStringTemplate: "{\"username\": \"admin123\"}"
        GenerateStringKey: password
        PasswordLength: 16
        ExcludePunctuation: true

Outputs:
  SecretsManagerKuardSecretArn:
    Description: The ARN of the created Amazon SecretsManagerKuardSecret Secret
    Value: !Ref SecretsManagerKuardSecret
  SecretsManagerKuardSecretPolicyArn:
    Description: The ARN of the created SecretsManagerKuardSecret Policy
    Value: !Ref SecretsManagerKuardSecretPolicy
EOF

aws cloudformation deploy --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \
  --parameter-overrides "ClusterFQDN=${CLUSTER_FQDN}" \
  --stack-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-aws-secretmanager-secret" --template-file "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/aws-secretmanager-secret.yml"

Screenshot from AWS Secrets Manager:

AWS Secrets Manager - Secrets - k01.k8s.mylabs.dev-KuardSecret

Install Secrets Store CSI Driver and AWS Provider

Install secrets-store-csi-driver helm chart and modify the default values.

  
# renovate: datasource=helm depName=secrets-store-csi-driver registryUrl=https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/secrets-store-csi-driver/charts
SECRETS_STORE_CSI_DRIVER_HELM_CHART_VERSION="1.3.4"

helm repo add secrets-store-csi-driver https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/secrets-store-csi-driver/charts
cat > "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/helm_values-secrets-store-csi-driver.yml" << EOF
syncSecret:
  enabled: true
enableSecretRotation: true
EOF
helm upgrade --install --version "${SECRETS_STORE_CSI_DRIVER_HELM_CHART_VERSION}" --namespace secrets-store-csi-driver --create-namespace --wait --values "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/helm_values-secrets-store-csi-driver.yml" secrets-store-csi-driver secrets-store-csi-driver/secrets-store-csi-driver

Install secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws helm chart.

  
# renovate: datasource=helm depName=secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws registryUrl=https://aws.github.io/secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws
SECRETS_STORE_CSI_DRIVER_PROVIDER_AWS_HELM_CHART_VERSION="0.3.3"

helm repo add aws-secrets-manager https://aws.github.io/secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws
helm upgrade --install --version "${SECRETS_STORE_CSI_DRIVER_PROVIDER_AWS_HELM_CHART_VERSION}" --namespace secrets-store-csi-driver --create-namespace --wait secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws aws-secrets-manager/secrets-store-csi-driver-provider-aws

The necessary components are ready…

Install kuard

kuard is a simple app which can be used to display various pod details created for the Kubernetes: Up and Running book.

Install kuard which will use the secretes from AWS Secrets Manager as mountpoint and also as K8s Secret.

  
AWS_CLOUDFORMATION_DETAILS=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-aws-secretmanager-secret")
SECRETS_MANAGER_KUARDSECRET_POLICY_ARN=$(echo "${AWS_CLOUDFORMATION_DETAILS}" | jq -r ".Stacks[0].Outputs[] | select(.OutputKey==\"SecretsManagerKuardSecretPolicyArn\") .OutputValue")
eksctl create iamserviceaccount --cluster="${CLUSTER_NAME}" --name=kuard --namespace=kuard --attach-policy-arn="${SECRETS_MANAGER_KUARDSECRET_POLICY_ARN}" --role-name="eksctl-${CLUSTER_NAME}-irsa-kuard" --approve

Create the SecretProviderClass which tells the AWS provider which secrets will be mounted in the pod. It will also create Secret called “kuard-secret” which will be synchronized with the data stored in AWS Secrets Manager.

  
kubectl apply -f - << EOF
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
  name: kuard-deployment-aws-secrets
  namespace: kuard
spec:
  provider: aws
  parameters:
    objects: |
        - objectName: "${CLUSTER_FQDN}-KuardSecret"
          objectType: "secretsmanager"
          objectAlias: KuardSecret
  secretObjects:
  - secretName: kuard-secret
    type: Opaque
    data:
    - objectName: KuardSecret
      key: username
EOF

Install kuard and use the previously created SecretProviderClass:

  
kubectl apply -f - << EOF
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kuard
  namespace: kuard
  labels:
    app: kuard
spec:
  selector:
    app: kuard
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kuard-deployment
  namespace: kuard
  labels:
    app: kuard
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kuard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kuard
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kuard
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
              labelSelector:
                matchLabels:
                  app: kuard
      volumes:
        - name: secrets-store-inline
          csi:
            driver: secrets-store.csi.k8s.io
            readOnly: true
            volumeAttributes:
              secretProviderClass: "kuard-deployment-aws-secrets"
      containers:
        - name: kuard-deployment
          # renovate: datasource=docker depName=gcr.io/kuar-demo/kuard-arm64 extractVersion=^(?<version>.+)$
          image: gcr.io/kuar-demo/kuard-arm64:v0.9-green
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: "32Mi"
            limits:
              cpu: 20m
              memory: "64Mi"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          volumeMounts:
            - name: secrets-store-inline
              mountPath: "/mnt/secrets-store"
              readOnly: true
          env:
            - name: KUARDSECRET
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: kuard-secret
                  key: username
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kuard
  namespace: kuard
  annotations:
    forecastle.stakater.com/expose: "true"
    forecastle.stakater.com/icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/d9a58a39b69a0eaec5797e0f7a0f9472b4829ab0/logo/logo_with_border.svg
    forecastle.stakater.com/appName: Kuard
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-url: https://oauth2-proxy.${CLUSTER_FQDN}/oauth2/auth
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-signin: https://oauth2-proxy.${CLUSTER_FQDN}/oauth2/start?rd=\$scheme://\$host\$request_uri
  labels:
    app: kuard
spec:
  rules:
    - host: kuard.${CLUSTER_FQDN}
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific
            backend:
              service:
                name: kuard
                port:
                  number: 8080
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - kuard.${CLUSTER_FQDN}
EOF

After the successful deployment of the “kuard” you should see the credentials in the kuard-secret:

  
kubectl wait --namespace kuard --for condition=available deployment kuard-deployment
kubectl get secrets -n kuard kuard-secret --template="{{.data.username}}" | base64 -d | jq

  
{
  "password": "rxxxxxxxxxxxxxxH",
  "username": "admin123"
}

There should be similar log messages in the secrets-store-csi-driver pods:

kubectl logs -n secrets-store-csi-driver daemonsets/secrets-store-csi-driver

Found 2 pods, using pod/secrets-store-csi-driver-2k9jv
I0416 12:17:32.553991       1 exporter.go:35] "initializing metrics backend" backend="prometheus"
I0416 12:17:32.555766       1 main.go:190] "starting manager\n"
I0416 12:17:32.656785       1 secrets-store.go:46] "Initializing Secrets Store CSI Driver" driver="secrets-store.csi.k8s.io" version="v1.3.2" buildTime="2023-03-20-21:09"
I0416 12:17:32.656834       1 reconciler.go:130] "starting rotation reconciler" rotationPollInterval="2m0s"
I0416 12:17:32.660649       1 server.go:121] "Listening for connections" address="//csi/csi.sock"
I0416 12:17:34.082277       1 nodeserver.go:365] "node: getting default node info\n"
I0416 12:18:54.990977       1 nodeserver.go:359] "Using gRPC client" provider="aws" pod="kuard-deployment-756f6cd885-6mzrq"
I0416 12:18:56.015817       1 nodeserver.go:254] "node publish volume complete" targetPath="/var/lib/kubelet/pods/ba66d6a4-1def-4636-b67a-99ca929e9293/volumes/kubernetes.io~csi/secrets-store-inline/mount" pod="kuard/kuard-deployment-756f6cd885-6mzrq" time="1.128414837s"
I0416 12:18:56.016290       1 secretproviderclasspodstatus_controller.go:222] "reconcile started" spcps="kuard/kuard-deployment-756f6cd885-6mzrq-kuard-kuard-deployment-aws-secrets"
I0416 12:18:56.220255       1 secretproviderclasspodstatus_controller.go:366] "reconcile complete" spc="kuard/kuard-deployment-aws-secrets" pod="kuard/kuard-deployment-756f6cd885-6mzrq" spcps="kuard/kuard-deployment-756f6cd885-6mzrq-kuard-kuard-deployment-aws-secrets"

Go to these URLs and check the credentials synced from AWS Secrets Manager:

https://kuard.k01.k8s.mylabs.dev/fs/mnt/secrets-store/

  
kubectl exec -i -n kuard deployments/kuard-deployment -- cat /mnt/secrets-store/KuardSecret

  
{"password":"rxxxxxxxxxxxxxxH","username":"admin123"}

https://kuard.k01.k8s.mylabs.dev/-/env

  
kubectl exec -i -n kuard deployments/kuard-deployment -- sh -c "echo \${KUARDSECRET}"

  
{"password":"rxxxxxxxxxxxxxxH","username":"admin123"}

After the commands executed above the secret from from the AWS secret manager are copied to Kubernetes Secret (kuard-secret) and it is also present as file (/mnt/secrets-store/KuardSecret) and environment variable (KUARDSECRET) inside the pod.

Rotate AWS Secret

Let’s change/rotate credentials inside AWS Secret to see if the change will be reflected also in the Kubernetes objects:

  
aws secretsmanager update-secret --secret-id "k01.k8s.mylabs.dev-KuardSecret" \
  --secret-string "{\"user\":\"admin123\",\"password\":\"EXAMPLE-PASSWORD\"}"
sleep 200

After changing the password in the AWS Secret Manager you should see also the change in the K8s Secret and in the /mnt/secrets-store/KuardSecret file inside the pod:

  
kubectl get secrets -n kuard kuard-secret --template="{{.data.username}}" | base64 -d | jq

  
{
  "user": "admin123",
  "password": "EXAMPLE-PASSWORD"
}

AWS Secrets Manager - Secrets - k01.k8s.mylabs.dev-KuardSecret

  
kubectl exec -i -n kuard deployments/kuard-deployment -- cat /mnt/secrets-store/KuardSecret

  
{"user":"admin123","password":"EXAMPLE-PASSWORD"}

Environment variable inside the pod is not going to be changed:

  
kubectl exec -i -n kuard deployments/kuard-deployment -- sh -c "echo \${KUARDSECRET}"

  
{"password":"rxxxxxxxxxxxxxxH","username":"admin123"}

The only way how to change the pre-defined environment variable inside the pod is to restart the pod…

Install Reloader to do rolling upgrades when Secrets get changed

In case of changes in the Secret (kuard-secret) the rolling upgrade should be performed on Deployment (kuard) to “regresh” the environment variables.

It is time to use Reloader which can do it automatically.

Install reloader helm chart.

  
# renovate: datasource=helm depName=reloader registryUrl=https://stakater.github.io/stakater-charts
RELOADER_HELM_CHART_VERSION="1.0.29"

helm repo add stakater https://stakater.github.io/stakater-charts
cat > "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/helm_values-reloader.yml" << EOF
reloader:
  readOnlyRootFileSystem: true
  podMonitor:
    enabled: true
EOF
helm upgrade --install --version "${RELOADER_HELM_CHART_VERSION}" --namespace reloader --create-namespace --wait --values "${TMP_DIR}/${CLUSTER_FQDN}/helm_values-reloader.yml" reloader stakater/reloader

You need to annotate the kuard deployment to enable Pod rolling upgrades:

kubectl annotate -n kuard deployment kuard-deployment 'reloader.stakater.com/auto=true'

Let’s do credential change one more time:

  
aws secretsmanager update-secret --secret-id "k01.k8s.mylabs.dev-KuardSecret" \
  --secret-string "{\"user\":\"admin123\",\"password\":\"EXAMPLE-PASSWORD-2\"}"
sleep 400

Screenshot from AWS Secrets Manager:

AWS Secrets Manager - Secrets - k01.k8s.mylabs.dev-KuardSecret

After some time changes are detected in kuard-secret secret and pods are restarted:

kubectl logs -n reloader deployments/reloader-reloader reloader-reloader

time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="Environment: Kubernetes"
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="Starting Reloader"
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=warning msg="KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE is unset, will detect changes in all namespaces."
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="created controller for: configMaps"
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="Starting Controller to watch resource type: configMaps"
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="created controller for: secrets"
time="2023-04-17T18:08:57Z" level=info msg="Starting Controller to watch resource type: secrets"
time="2023-04-17T18:12:17Z" level=info msg="Changes detected in 'kuard-secret' of type 'SECRET' in namespace 'kuard', Updated 'kuard-deployment' of type 'Deployment' in namespace 'kuard'"

After the pod reload the environment variable KUARDSECRET should contain the proper value:

  
kubectl exec -i -n kuard deployments/kuard-deployment -- sh -c "echo \${KUARDSECRET}"

  
{"user":"admin123","password":"EXAMPLE-PASSWORD-2"}

It is possible to use/synchronize credentials form the AWS Secret Manager to:

File inside the pod
Kubernetes Secret
Environment variable inside the pod

To clean up the environment - delete IRSA, remove CloudFormation stack and namespace:

  
eksctl delete iamserviceaccount --cluster="${CLUSTER_NAME}" --name=kuard --namespace=kuard
aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-aws-secretmanager-secret"

Enjoy … 😉

Secrets Store CSI Driver and Reloader

Requirements

Create secret in AWS Secrets Manager

Install Secrets Store CSI Driver and AWS Provider

Install kuard

Rotate AWS Secret

Install Reloader to do rolling upgrades when Secrets get changed

Further Reading

Run the cheapest Amazon EKS

Amazon EKS - Karpenter tests

Trivy Operator Dashboard in Grafana